【Objective】To compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pre-and post-conceptional laparoscopic transabdominal cervical cerclage （LTCC） in women diagnosed with cervical insufficiency. 【Methods】A retrospective study was done on 225 patients who underwent LTCC in the First Affiliated Hospital ，Sun Yat-sen University between January 2018 and December 2018. 138 women in the preconceptional group and the other 87 in the postconceptional group. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of these two groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the impact of LTCC on preterm delivery.【Results】Compared with the postconceptional group，the preconceptional group showed a significantly decreased rate of preterm labor（15.0% vs. 27.6% ，P = 0.036），a significantly prolonged gestational week at delivery［（37.4 ± 1.7）wks vs.（36.8 ± 2.0）wks ，P  = 0.041］and a significantly increased second trimesters fetal loss rate（15.9% vs. 4.6%，P = 0.010）. No significant difference was found in the risk of maternal complication and adverse neonatal outcomes between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that postconceptional LTCC correlated with premature labor（P = 0.042），with 2.08 for odds ratio（OR）value and 1.02 ~ 4.22 for 95% CI.【Conclusion】LTCC，especially preconceptional LTCC ，is more successful in improving obstetric outcomes by preventing preterm labor of patients with cervical insufficiency.