1.三峡大学基础医学院机能学部,湖北 宜昌 443002
2.三峡大学精神卫生研究所,湖北 宜昌 443002
3.三峡大学肿瘤微环境实验室,湖北 宜昌 443002
朱文悦,第一作者,研究方向:神经精神疾病影像诊断,E-mail:1951273792@qq.com
收稿:2025-06-12,
修回:2025-08-22,
录用:2025-09-01,
纸质出版:2025-09-20
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朱文悦,李夏春.PET/CT技术在阿尔茨海默病诊疗研究中的进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(05):784-793.
ZHU Wenyue,LI Xiachun.Advances on PET/CT for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(05):784-793.
朱文悦,李夏春.PET/CT技术在阿尔茨海默病诊疗研究中的进展[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(05):784-793. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0508.
ZHU Wenyue,LI Xiachun.Advances on PET/CT for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(05):784-793. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0508.
随着人口老龄化加剧,我国痴呆人口比例急剧上升,给家庭和社会带来沉重的经济和照护负担。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种老年期发病的进行性认知障碍疾病谱,表现为记忆减退、注意力和执行力下降,在疾病晚期甚至发展为痴呆,最终导致生活自理能力丧失,进一步加重家庭和社会压力。AD患者可处于数十年以上并无明显临床认知下降表现的临床前阶段,但脑中已存在显著病理变化,包括β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)聚集形成老年斑、tau蛋白过度磷酸化聚集形成神经元纤维缠结,血管淀粉样蛋白沉积、突触和神经元丢失,以及神经炎症。这一阶段是AD早期干预的最佳时机,准确诊断或预测AD风险并施以干预措施,可显著延缓或阻止AD进展。近年来多种追踪AD神经病理变化的示踪剂在PET/CT中的应用,使临床前AD及早期AD的影像诊断、治疗监测及预后预测的临床研究取得显著进展。本文将综述以Aβ、tau蛋白、氟代脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)、突触和炎症为示踪剂标记的PET/CT及PET/MR技术在AD早期诊断、鉴别诊断、疾病分期、治疗监测和预后预测的应用,并比较这些示踪剂作为生物标志物的相对效用和局限性,为临床医生在前驱期AD及AD早期诊疗研究中选择合适的PET标志物提供依据与参考
。
With the intensification of population aging, the proportion of people with dementia in our country is rising sharply, bringing a heavy economic and caregiving burden to families and society. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a spectrum of progressive cognitive impairment disorders that onset in old age, characterized by memory decline, reduced attention and executive function, and in the late stages of the disease, it can even progress to dementia, ultimately leading to the loss of self-care abilities and further increasing the pressure on families and society. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be in a preclinical stage for decades without obvious clinical cognitive decline, but significant pathological changes have already occurred in the brain, including the aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) to form senile plaques, the hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles, vascular amyloid deposition, synaptic and neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation. This stage represents the best opportunity for early intervention in AD. Accurate diagnosis or prediction of AD risk and implementation of intervention measures can significantly delay or prevent the progression of AD. In recent years, the application of various tracers that track the neuropathological changes of AD in PET/CT has led to significant progress in clinical research on the imaging diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognostic prediction of preclinical and early-stage AD. This article will review the application of PET/CT and PET/MR techniques marked with Aβ, tau protein, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), synaptic, and inflammatory tracers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, disease staging, treatment monitoring, and prognostic prediction of AD, and compare the relative utility and limitations of these tracers as biomarkers, providing a basis and reference for clinicians to choose appropriate PET markers in the research of early diagnosis and treatment of preclinical AD and early-stage AD.
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