1.中山大学附属第三医院皮肤与整形美容科,广东 广州 510630
2.中山大学附属第三医院过敏科,广东 广州 510630
3.中山大学附属第三医院儿科,广东 广州 510630
4.奈梅亨大学医学中心,荷兰 奈梅亨 6525GA
刘文韬,第一作者,研究方向:皮肤癣菌病与变态反应性疾病,E-mail:liuwentaoys@163.com
收稿:2025-08-16,
修回:2025-10-26,
录用:2025-10-29,
纸质出版:2025-11-20
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刘文韬,覃诗彤,李浣婷等.猫狗皮屑过敏原和霉菌过敏原的临床分布特征及相关性[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(06):1050-1057.
LIU Wentao,QIN Shitong,LI Huanting,et al.Clinical Distribution Characteristics and Correlation of Cat and Dog Dander Allergens and Mold Allergens[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(06):1050-1057.
刘文韬,覃诗彤,李浣婷等.猫狗皮屑过敏原和霉菌过敏原的临床分布特征及相关性[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2025,46(06):1050-1057. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0615.
LIU Wentao,QIN Shitong,LI Huanting,et al.Clinical Distribution Characteristics and Correlation of Cat and Dog Dander Allergens and Mold Allergens[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences),2025,46(06):1050-1057. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2025.0615.
目的
2
探讨宠物相关的猫狗皮屑过敏原和霉菌过敏原在过敏性疾病患者中的分布特征及其相关性,为个体化诊疗和预防提供依据。
方法
2
回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年10月于中山大学附属第三医院确诊过敏性疾病并完成UniCAP平台检测的798例患者数据,检测猫皮屑、狗皮屑、霉菌混合mx1/mx2的特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)和总IgE(tIgE)。采用描述性统计、Mann-Whitney
U
检验及
χ
2
检验分析数据。
结果
2
在798例患者中,男性395例,女性403例,男女比例为1:1.02;年龄范围为0.67~69岁,中位年龄为14(6,29)岁。63.2%(504/798)患单一过敏性疾病,以过敏性鼻炎(AR,49.2%)为主;36.8%患2种及以上疾病,以AR合并特应性皮炎(AD,10.7%)最常见。猫/狗皮屑sIgE阳性率24.1%(192/798),女性阳性率(30
.8%)高于男性(16.7%,
P
<0.05),18岁以下人群猫皮屑阳性率随年龄增长而升高;猫皮屑sIgE 2级占比最高(25.9%),狗皮屑sIgE 1级占比最高(55%)。猫皮屑sIgE 4~6级患者tIgE水平显著高于1~3级(
P
<0.05)。霉菌混合mx1/mx2 sIgE阳性率7.4%(59/798),以mx2为主,2级占比最高;mx2阳性患者中猫/狗皮屑sIgE阳性率(44.8%)显著高于阴性患者(17.9%,
P
<0.05),且tIgE水平更高(
P
<0.05)。
结论
2
儿童期猫皮屑致敏率随年龄增长而升高。猫/狗皮屑过敏原sIgE与AR、AR合并AD密切相关,AR、AR合并AD是霉菌过敏原sIgE阳性患者中最常见的过敏性疾病和过敏性疾病组合,且猫/狗皮屑过敏原 sIgE 和霉菌混合mx2过敏原 sIgE存在协同相关性,联合检测对宠物相关过敏性疾病的精准诊疗具有重要价值。
Objective
2
To explore the distribution patterns and correlations of pet-related cat/dog dander allergens and mold allergens in patients with allergic diseases, providing evidence for individualized diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Methods
2
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 798 patients diagnosed with allergic diseases at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between April 2021 and October 2023. All patients underwent UniCAP platform testing for specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels against cat dander, dog dander, and mold mix (mx1/mx2), alongside total IgE (tIgE) quantification. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney
U
tests, and chi-square analyses were employed to evaluate allergen distribution and interrelationships.
Results
2
Among the 798 patients (395 males, 403 females, ratio 1∶1.02), their ages ranged from 0.67 to 69 years (median 14 years, IQR 6-29). A total of 63.2% (504/798) had a single allergic disease, with allergic rhinitis (AR, 49.2%) being the most common. The remaining 36.8% (294/798) had ≥2 allergic diseases, with AR combined with atopic dermatitis (AD, 10.7%) as the predominant comorbidity. The positivity rate for cat/dog dander sIgE was 24.1% (192/798), with a significantly higher prevalence in females (30.8%) than males (16.7%,
P
<0.05). Cat dander sensitization increased with ag
e in patients under 18 years. Among positive cases, cat dander sIgE level 2 was most frequent (25.9%), while dog dander sIgE level 1 predominated (55%). Patients with cat dander sIgE levels 4-6 had significantly higher tIgE than those with levels 1-3 (
P
<0.05). The positivity rate for mold mix (mx1/mx2) sIgE was 7.4% (59/798), with mx2 as the primary sensitizer and level 2 being the most common. In mx2-positive patients, the cat/dog dander sIgE positivity rate (44.8%) was significantly higher than that in mx2-negative patients (17.9%,
P
<0.05), and tIgE levels were also higher (
P
<0.05).
Conclusion
2
Cat dander sensitization increases with age in children. Cat/dog dander and mold allergens are closely linked to AR and AR combined with AD. Synergistic correlations exist between cat/dog dander sIgE and mold mx2 sIgE. Combined detection of these allergens is critical for precision diagnosis and management of pet-related allergic diseases.
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