图1 术前、术后3个月和术后6个月膝关节主观评分比较
纸质出版日期:2022-11-20,
收稿日期:2022-04-13
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探讨健康心理控制源对前交叉韧带重建术后早期康复的影响,为临床医生制定个性化康复方案提供参考。
对自2019年7月至2019年10月的155例前交叉韧带重建患者进行前瞻性队列研究,其中男性124例,女性31例。明确多维度健康状况心理控制源量表C与Tegner活动等级评分、IKDC评分、Lysholm评分、Y-Balance检验之间的关系。采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验、相关分析和Logistics回归分析,探讨健康心理控制源对前交叉韧带重建术后早期康复效果的影响。
内控型得分与术后3月及6月IKDC评分(r3m=0.77,r6m=0.70,P<0.001)、Lysholm评分(r3m=0.68,r6m=0.64,P<0.001)及Tegner评分(r3m=0.24,r6m=0.46,P<0.05)呈正相关,内控型得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越小[OR 95%CI 为0.86(0.76,0.97),P=0.016];机遇型得分与术后3月及6月IKDC评分(r3m=-0.71,r6m=-0.67,P<0.001)、Lysholm评分(r3m=-0.49,r6m=-0.43,P<0.001)及Tegner评分(r3m=-0.22,r6m=-0.35,P<0.05)呈负相关,机遇型得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越大[OR 95%CI 为1.26(1.12,1.41),P<0.001];有势力的他人型得分与术后3月及6月的IKDC评分(r3m=-0.51,r6m=-0.50,P<0.001)及Lysholm评分(r3m=-0.36,r6m=-0.40,P<0.001)呈负相关,与术后Tegner评分不存在相关性(P>0.05),有势力的他人型得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越大[OR 95%CI 为1.74(1.29,2.34),P<0.001]。
健康心理控制源与前交叉韧带重建术后早期康复效果密切相关,其中内控型得分越高前交叉韧带重建术后康复效果越好,而外控型得分越高前交叉韧带重建术后康复效果差的风险越高。
To explore the effect of health locus of control on the early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction.
From July 2019 to October 2019, a prospective cohort study of 155 ACL patients receiving reconstruction (male=124 and female=31) in our hospital was conducted. The general data questionnaire, MHLC-C, Tegner activity score, IKDC Score, Lysholm Score and Y-Balance Test were used for further analysis. The correlation between HLC and early rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction was explored by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, correlation analysis and Logistics regression analysis.
Positive correlations were found between the internality health locus of control (IHLC) and the IKDC score (r3m=0.77, r6m=0.70, P<0.001), as well as the Lysholm scores (r3m=0.68, r6m=0.64, P<0.001) and the Tegner activity score (r3m=0.24, r6m=0.46, P<0.05) in 3 and 6 months after surgery, and higher IHLC score indicated a better y-balance test outcome[OR 95%CI=0.86(0.76, 0.97), P=0.016]. Chance health locus of control (CHLC) was negatively correlated with the IKDC score (r3m=-0.71, r6m=-0.67, P<0.001), the Lysholm score (r3m=-0.49, r6m=-0.43, P<0.001) and the Tegner activity score (r3m=-0.22, r6m=-0.35, P<0.05) in 3 and 6 months after surgery, and higher CHLC score indicated worse outcome of y-balance test [OR 95%CI=1.26(1.12, 1.41), P<0.001]. There was a negative correlation between the Powerful others health locus of control (PHLC) and the IKDC score (r3m=-0.51, r6m=-0.50, P<0.001), the Lysholm scores (r3m=-0.36, r6m=-0.40, P<0.001), but there was no correlation with the Tegner activity score in 3 and 6 months after surgery(P>0.05). The risk of poor y-balance test increased by higher score of PHLC [OR 95%CI=1.74(1.29, 2.34), P<0.001].
A significant correlation was found between the health locus of control and the early rehabilitation effect after ACL reconstruction. Higher internality health locus of control scores indicated a better rehabilitation outcome, while higher scores of external loci of control indicated higher risk of worse rehabilitation outcome.
膝关节损伤是最常见运动损伤之一,其中前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤占膝关节损伤的50%[
纳入标准:①年龄18~45岁;②运动所致ACL损伤合并半月板损伤;③符合ACL断裂诊断标准:患侧膝关节轴移试验、Lachman试验及前抽屉试验阳性;MRI显示ACL连续性中断;④需行单侧ACL重建且同时行半月板缝合术。
排除标准:①既往患侧及对侧膝关节韧带损伤及/或手术史;②Ⅲ-Ⅳ级软骨损伤;③有明显相关韧带损伤需要重建;④半月板损伤类型为桶饼样撕裂,或只接收半月板部分切除成形的患者;⑤有全身系统性疾病不能耐受手术的患者;⑥伴有患肢神经肌肉损伤的患者;⑦既往患有神经精神病史;⑧由于客观原因不能进行临床随访者。
选择2019年7月至2019年10月在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院运动医学科进行前交叉韧带重建且符合上述标准的患者155例进行前瞻性队列研究。本研究获得中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院伦理委员会批准(SYSEC-KY-KS-2019-042),在中国临床试验注册中心注册(ChiCTR2100043481),所有患者均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
对符合纳入标准的患者术前进行HLC评分,分别在术后3月及术后6月进行膝关节主观评分,术后6个月进行膝关节客观评估。
1.2.1 多维度健康状况心理控制源量表
C(multidimentional health locus of control-form C, MHLC-C): 由Wallston在表A、B的基础上于1994年编制[
1.2.2 膝关节主观功能评分:① IKDC评分[
1.2.3 膝关节客观评估办法
Y-Balance Test是一个能综合评估个体关节活动度、下肢力量、自体平衡感觉及神经肌肉控制能力的测试,由于其前向动作的完成需要膝关节和臀部屈曲、踝关节背屈、力量、神经肌肉控制和平衡,故有研究表明由于关于ACL重建术后早期康复预测指标有限,Y-Balance Test可作为ACL重建术后早期康复进展的重要指标[
利用统计分析软件SPSS 22.0(IBM公司,美国)对数据进行分析处理,计量资料数据用(ˉx±s)表示,正态性检验采用Shapiro-wilk检验,对于符合正态分布的变量采用配对样本 t 检验分析差异性,相关性采用Pearson相关分析;对于不符合正态分布的变量采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析差异,相关性采用Spearman相关分析。重复测量资料采用Hotelling’s T 2检验,事后多重比较采用Bonferroni法。分析多变量之间的关系采用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
本研究纳入患者共155例,其中男性124例,女性31例,右膝78例,左膝77例,年龄约28.43±7.13岁,28(22~34)岁,BMI(23.54±3.43) kg/m2,从出现膝关节症状到前去医院就医的时间为153 d(45~262)d。约有58.7%的患者在篮球运动中损伤,其次约有18.7%的患者在足球运动中损伤,13.5%的患者在羽毛球运动中损伤(
Item | Value/% |
---|---|
Age/years | 28.43±7.13 |
Time delay from injury to surgery /days | 153(45~262) |
Health locus of control | |
IHLC | 23.52±6.00 |
CHLC | 21.43±8.39 |
PHLC | 10.85±3.12 |
Side (cases) | |
Right | 78(50.3%) |
Legt | 77(49.7%) |
Gender | |
Male | 124(80%) |
Female | 31(20%) |
BMI | |
<18.5 | 8(5.2%) |
18.5~23.9 | 76(49.0%) |
24~27.9 | 54(34.8%) |
≥28 | 17(11.0%) |
Sports | |
Basketball | 91(58.7%) |
Football | 29(18.7%) |
Badminton | 21(13.5%) |
Running | 8(5.2%) |
Volleyball | 1(0.6%) |
Table Tennis | 2(1.3%) |
Martial arts | 3(1.9%) |
IHLC: internality health locus of control; CHLC: chance health locus of control; PHLC: powerful others health locus of control; BMI, body mass index.
对比患者术前、术后3个月和6个月的膝关节主观评分显示3个时间点膝关节主观评分具有统计学意义(F=171.331, P<0.001,
图1 术前、术后3个月和术后6个月膝关节主观评分比较
Fig. 1 Comparison of subjective scores preoperatively, 3 months and 6 months after surgery after ACL reconstruction
Comparison of subjective scores, n = 155. 1) P < 0.001 compared IKDC score between pre-operative and 3 months after ACL reconstruction; 2) P < 0.001 compared IKDC score between pre-operative and 6 months after ACL reconstruction; 3) P < 0.001 compared IKDC score between 3 months and 6 months after ACL reconstruction; 4) P = 0.007 compared Lysholm score between pre-operative and 3 months after ACL reconstruction; 5) P < 0.001 compared Lysholm score between pre-operative and 6 months after ACL reconstruction; 6) P < 0.001 compared Lysholm score between 3months and 6months after ACL reconstruction; 7) P < 0.001 compared Tegner score between pre-operative and 3 months after ACL reconstruction; 8) P < 0.001 compared Tegner score between pre-operative and 6 months after ACL reconstruction; 9) P < 0.001 compared Tegner score between 3months and 6months after ACL reconstruction. IKDC: international knee documentation committee subjective knee score; Lysholm: the Lysholm knee scoring scale; Tegner: the Tegner activity score.
IHLC与术后3月及6月膝关节主观评分呈正相关,CHLC与术后3月及6月膝关节主观评分呈负相关,PHLC与术后3月及6月的IKDC评分及Lysholm评分呈负相关(P<0.001,
Three months after surgery | IKDC | Lysholm | Tegner | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P value | r | P value | r | P value | |
IHLC | 0.86 | <0.001 | 0.68 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.005 |
CHLC | -0.71 | <0.001 | -0.49 | <0.001 | -0.22 | 0.006 |
PHLC | -0.51 | <0.001 | -0.36 | <0.001 | -0.12 | 0.142 |
IHLC: internality health locus of control; CHLC: chance health locus of control; PHLC: powerful others health locus of control; IKDC: international knee documentation committee subjective knee score; Lysholm: the Lysholm knee scoring scale; Tegner: the Tegner activity score.
Six months after surgery | IKDC | Lysholm | Tegner | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P value | r | P value | r | P value | |
IHLC | 0.79 | <0.001 | 0.56 | <0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 |
CHLC | -0.67 | <0.001 | -0.43 | <0.001 | -0.35 | <0.001 |
PHLC | -0.50 | <0.001 | -0.40 | <0.001 | -0.19 | 0.019 |
IHLC: internality health locus of control; CHLC: chance health locus of control; PHLC: powerful others health locus of control; IKDC: international knee documentation committee subjective knee score; Lysholm: the lysholm knee scoring scale; Tegner: the Tegner activity score.
将HLC各维度纳入Logistic回归模型后,Logistic回归模型具有统计学意义(χ2 =132.35,P<0.001),其中CHLC得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越大(OR 95%CI为1.26(1.12,1.41),P<0.001),同样PHLC得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险也越大(OR 95%CI为1.74(1.29,2.34),P<0.001);仅有IHLC得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越小(OR 95%CI为0.86(0.76,0.97),P=0.016),具有统计学意义(
Variable | b | Sb | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IHLC | -0.155 | 0.064 | 5.761 | 0.016 | 0.86 | (0.76, 0.97) |
CHLC | 0.227 | 0.059 | 14.659 | <0.001 | 1.26 | (1.12, 1.41) |
PHLC | 0.554 | 0.152 | 13.301 | <0.001 | 1.74 | (1.29, 2.34) |
IHLC: internality health locus of control, CHLC: chance health locus of control, PHLC: powerful others health locus of control.
本研究结果显示,IHLC与术后3月及6月膝关节主观评分呈正相关,CHLC与术后3月及6月膝关节主观评分呈负相关,PHLC与术后3月及6月的IKDC评分及Lysholm评分呈负相关,通过Logistic回归分析发现CHLC和PHLC得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越大,而IHLC得分越高Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的风险越小。该结果提示,HLC与ACL重建术后康复效果密切相关。
ACL重建术后需要长时间的康复过程,且不同患者的康复过程是不同的,越来越多的研究表明心理行为因素会影响康复结果[
CHLC与膝关节主观评分存在负相关关系,即CHLC得分越高膝关节主观评分越差,Y-Balance Test测试结果为差的可能性越大。CHLC得分高者即高机遇型患者认为其健康的结果是他们无法控制的,依赖于运气、命运、机会等外部因素[
综上所述,HLC作为可用于预测健康相关行为的指标,本研究通过前瞻性队列研究分析患者的HLC与ACL重建术后康复效果相关性,研究结果显示,内控型与ACL重建术后康复效果存在正相关关系,外控型与ACL重建术后康复效果存在负相关关系。这与Christino[
由于科研时间及客观条件的限制,本研究仍然存在一些不足,有待进一步改进。本研究采用的评估膝关节功能的客观指标仅有Y-Balance Test,且随访时间仅选择至术后6个月,由于在ACL重建术后6月仍不建议进行跳跃类运动,故后续应增加随访时间,并增加等速肌力测试、单腿跳跃等客观指标以增加研究公信力,并进一步探索HLC与ACL重建术后远期康复效果的关系。这项研究的另一个局限性是,即使使用了前瞻性研究设计,数据是相关的,但不能从发现中得出因果推论,且本研究为观察性试验,尚未采取实际干预手段,故本研究的结果仅能为临床工作者提供参考,不能提供实质性的干预方案,后续可开展通过不同心理干预手段提高ACL重建术后康复效果的研究来进一步探究实质性心理干预方案。
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