Published:20 March 2024,
Received:16 November 2023,
Accepted:21 February 2024
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To explore the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy, RAMIE) and thoracic laparoscopy combined with minimally invasive esophageal resection (minimal invasive esophagectomy, MIE).
The data of 188 patients treated with Da Vinci robot assisted minimally invasive esophageal resection (RAMIE) from April 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed. In the RAMIE group, 69 patients, 49 males and 20 female, age (67.2 ± 7.2); 119 in the MIME group, respectively, 89 males and 30 female, age (69.1 ± 7.0). At 1 ∶ 1, including 58 patients in the RAMIE group and 58 patients in the MIE group. The t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, χ2 test, and so on.
After PSM treatment, the clinical data between the two groups. There was no significant difference in operation time, postoperative tube days, and total number of lymph node dissection between the RAMIE and MIE groups (P <0.05); the RAMIE group was better in terms of intraoperative bleeding and the MIE group, statistically significant (P <0.05); the MIE group was better in drainage flow and lymph node dissection for three days (P <0.05). In terms of postoperative complications, there was no statistical difference between RAMIE and MIE groups (P>0.05).
The recent efficacy of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy is comparable to that of thoracic laparoscopy and minimally invasive Mckeown esophagectomy; robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy can reduce intraoperative bleeding and have more advantages in left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection.
食管癌发生率在全球恶性肿瘤排行榜排第七,死亡率第六[
回顾性分析中国科学技术大学第一附属医院胸外科 2021年 4月至 2022年 12月收治的食管癌手术患者临床资料。所有患者术前行胸部+上腹部增强CT扫描、上消化道造影、胃镜及病理检查、心电图、肺功能,心脏彩超检查,有脑血管病史的加做头颅磁共振检查,经济条件允许的术前可行PET-CT检查,根据美国麻醉医师协会ASA分级进行术前麻醉风险评估。术后采用AJCC第8版食管癌分期系统进行肿瘤分期。本研究符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的要求,数据使用通过我院伦理委员会审核伦理审核, 编号:2024-RE-8。豁免患者知情同意。
纳入标准:术前临床分期为 cT1~3N0~ 1M0 期可手术治疗额食管癌患者;术前病理学检查证实为食管癌;接受 RAMIE 或 MIE ;手术采用右胸、上腹、左颈三切口手术;吻合方式为经左颈端-侧吻合。
排除标准:临床资料不完整。患者合并严重心肺功能不全,不适合麻醉及手术治疗。既往有胸、腹部手术史不适合微创手术者。
此期间共收治符合纳入标准的食管癌患者198例,排除临床资料不完整 7 例,有腹部手术史未进行全腔镜手术3例,共 188 例纳入本研究(附图)。手术前由科室讨论决定手术指征。
1.2.1 RAMIE
患者采用单腔气管插管,封堵右侧主支气管,麻醉满意后取左侧卧位,常规消毒铺巾后取右侧腋中线第7肋间8 mm切口为观察孔,右侧腋前线第4肋间、腋后线第9肋间8 mm切口为机器人操作孔,腋前线第5肋间1 cm切口为辅助操作孔(
图1 RAMIE组体位及淋巴结清扫
Fig. 1 Body position and lymph node dissectionin the RAMIE group
A: Chest position and incision in the RAMIE group; B: Dissected the adjacent lymph nodes of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in the RAMIE group; C: Dissected the adjacent lymph nodes of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in the RAMIE group; D: Abdominal position and incision in the RAMIE group. LRLN: left recurrent laryngeal nerve; RRLN: right recurrent laryngeal nerve.
1.2.2 MIE
麻醉与体位与RAMIE相同,选右腋前线第4肋间长2.0 cm切口为主操作孔,腋中线第7肋间长1.0 cm切口为镜孔,腋后线与肩胛线之间第8肋间长1.5 cm 切口为辅助操作孔(
图2 MIE组体位及淋巴结清扫
Fig. 2 Body position and lymph node dissectionin the MIE group
A: Chest position and incision in the MIE group; B:Dissected the adjacent lymph nodes of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in the MIE group; C: Dissected the adjacent lymph nodes of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in the MIE group; D:Abdominal position and incision in the MIE group; E: Dissected the abdominal lymph nodes in the MIE group. LRLN: left recurrent laryngeal nerve; RRLN: right recurrent laryngeal nerve; LGA: left gastric artery ; SA: splenic artery; HA: hepatic artery.
记录一般资料包括性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、术前合并症、术前ASA分级等。围手术期资料包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流管带管时间、术后住院时间。手术中由手术医师将切除的淋巴结标本组并记录淋巴结清扫范围及数目。由床位医生观察并记录术后并发症严重程度及处理等情况。倾向性评分匹配:选择性别、年龄、pTNM 分期、肿瘤部位、病理类型、分化程度和ASA分级为协变量;以手术方式为因变量,各协变量为自变量。通过 Logistic 回归计算倾向性评分值,采用SPSS26.0软件将RAMIE组和MIE组按1∶1最邻近匹配法进行匹配,卡钳值取 0.2,共计有 58例匹配成功。
采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件对数据进行分析。定性资料分类资料的比较,用皮尔逊卡方检验、校正的卡方检验、Fisher’s精确检验;定量资料比较采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究共纳入研究样本198例,经筛选最后入组188例样本,其中RAMIE组69例,男性49例,女性20例,年龄(67.2±7.2)岁;MIE组119例,男性 89例,女性30例,年龄(69.1±7.0)岁。采用倾向性评分匹配法对两组患者进行 1∶1匹配,匹配后 RAMIE组 58例,其中男性44例,女性14例,年龄(67.00±6.79)MIE组 58例,其中男性43例,女性13例,年龄(67.33±7.84;
Variables | Pre-PSM | Post-PSM | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RAMIE (n=69) | MIE (n=119) | t/χ2 | P | RAMIE (n=58) | MIE (n=58) | t/χ2 | P | |
Sex | 0.319 | 0.572 | 0.046 | 0.830 | ||||
Male | 49 | 89 | 44 | 43 | ||||
Female | 20 | 30 | 14 | 15 | ||||
Age | 67.26±7.29 | 69.19±7.04 | 1.791 | 0.075 | 67.00±6.79 | 67.33±7.84 | 0.241 | 0.810 |
Height | 163.32±8.40 | 164.71±7.53 | 1.173 | 0.242 | 163.64±8.66 | 163.41±8.11 | 0.144 | 0.886 |
Weight | 58.81±10.01 | 60.64±9.61 | 1.240 | 0.216 | 59.586±9.57 | 58.733±10.15 | 0.466 | 0.642 |
BMI | 22.210±3.69 | 22.577±3.83 | 1.131 | 0.522 | 22.478±3.69 | 22.036±3.08 | 0.699 | 0.486 |
Tumor diameter | 3.348±1.59 | 3.239±1.34 | 0.501 | 0.617 | 3.190±1.41 | 3.328±1.28 | 0.551 | 0.583 |
Tumor site | 3.734 | 0.155 | 0.378 | 0.828 | ||||
Up | 7 | 14 | 6 | 6 | ||||
Middle | 44 | 59 | 35 | 32 | ||||
Lower | 18 | 46 | 17 | 20 | ||||
Degrre of differentiation | 2.637 | 0.268 | 1.199 | 0.549 | ||||
High | 9 | 22 | 8 | 12 | ||||
Middle | 42 | 58 | 37 | 32 | ||||
Low | 18 | 39 | 13 | 14 | ||||
Psthology type | 5.258 | 0.022 | - | - | ||||
Squamous carcinoma | 66 | 119 | 58 | 58 | ||||
Other | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Preoperative ASA classification | 0.002 | 0.961 | 0.340 | 0.560 | ||||
2 | 41 | 72 | 36 | 39 | ||||
3 | 27 | 47 | 22 | 19 | ||||
Tumor stage | 3.600 | 0.308 | 1.016 | 0.797 | ||||
1 | 15 | 27 | 14 | 14 | ||||
2 | 37 | 63 | 31 | 32 | ||||
3 | 15 | 29 | 12 | 12 | ||||
4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Preoperative complications | ||||||||
Hypertension | 19 | 31 | 0.049 | 0.824 | 14 | 15 | 0.046 | 0.83 |
Diabetes | 3 | 9 | 0.756 | 0.385 | 3 | 4 | 0.152 | 0.697 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 13 | 14 | 1.778 | 0.182 | 13 | 5 | 4.209 | 0.04 |
Coronary heart disease | 4 | 4 | 0.636 | 0.425 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Arhythmia | 6 | 24 | 4.286 | 0.038 | 6 | 12 | 2.367 | 0.124 |
PSM: propensity score-matched; RAMIE: robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy;MIE: minimal invasive esophagectomy.
RAMIE组和MIE组在手术时间[(275.72±84.14)vs(272.22±183.32)P>0.05];术后带管时间[(7.40±3.48)vs(7.74±3.38) P>0.05];术后住院天数[(10.43±4.32)vs(9.69±4.27) P>0.05];右喉返[(2.03±2.17)vs(2.12±2.87)P>0.05];淋巴结清扫总数[(20.78±6.85)vs(20.05±9.48) P>0.05];差异无统计学意义。RAMIE组和MIE组在术中出血[(73.10±52.29)vs(106.03±44.99)P<0.05];总住院天数[(13.29±5.40)vs(15.36±5.27)P<0.05];左喉返[(2.97±2.47)vs(1.90±2.14)P<0.05];淋巴结清扫总组数[(5.88±2.44)vs(5.09±1.26)P<0.05]差异有统计学意义(
Variables | RAMIE(n=58) | MIE(n=58) | t | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Operation time/min | 275.72±84.14 | 272.22±183.32 | 0.132 | 0.895 |
Intraoperative bleeding /mL | 73.10±52.29 | 106.03±44.99 | 3.636 | <0.001 |
Postoperative tube time /d | 7.40±3.48 | 7.74±3.38 | 0.541 | 0.589 |
Hospitalization days/d | 13.29±5.40 | 15.36±5.27 | 2.088 | 0.039 |
Dumber of days in hospital after surgery /d | 10.43±4.32 | 9.69±4.27 | 0.929 | 0.355 |
Lymph nodes of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve/n | 2.03±2.17 | 2.12±2.87 | 2.490 | 0.856 |
Lymph nodes of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve/n | 2.97±2.47 | 1.90±2.14 | 0.182 | 0.014 |
Total groups number of lymph node dissection | 5.88±2.44 | 5.09±1.26 | 2.197 | 0.03 |
Total number of lymph node dissection | 20.78±6.85 | 20.05±9.48 | 0.471 | 0.638 |
RAMIE: robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy; MIE: minimal invasive esophagectomy.
RAMIE和MIE组在术后肺部感染、声音嘶哑、吻合口瘘等相关并发症方面存在差异,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05;
Variables | RAMIE(n=58) | MIE(n=58) | χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pulmonary air leakage | 0.176 | 0.675 | ||
Yes | 4 | 2 | ||
No | 54 | 56 | ||
Pulmonary infection | 0.058 | 0.809 | ||
Yes | 11 | 10 | ||
No | 47 | 48 | ||
Severe pulmonary infection | 1.574 | 0.21 | ||
Yes | 7 | 12 | ||
No | 51 | 55 | ||
Hoarseness | 1.369 | 0.242 | ||
Yes | 3 | 0 | ||
No | 55 | 58 | ||
Stomal leak | 0.259 | 0.611 | ||
Yes | 3 | 1 | ||
No | 55 | 57 | ||
Chylothorax | 0.500 | |||
Yes | 1 | 0 | ||
No | 57 | 58 |
RAMIE: robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy; MIE: minimal invasive esophagectomy.
本研究比较达芬奇机器人辅助微创食管癌切除术和胸腹腔镜联合微创Mckeown食管癌切除术的短期治疗效果。PSM分析拥有减少两组病例间的选择性偏倚,使筛选出来的研究对象在临床特征(潜在的混杂因素)上具有可比性,使研究结果更接近于随机对照研究的作用。结果表明,经过PSM处理后,两组患者临床基本信息无明显差异性表现,术前合并症无明显差异。围手术期相关因素分析:RAMIE组和MIE组关于手术时间、术后带管时间、术后住院天数、右喉返淋巴结清扫数、淋巴结清扫总数方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同时RAMIE组在术中出血、总住院天数、左喉返淋巴结清扫数和淋巴结清扫总组数方面优于MIE组(P<0.05)。RAMIE组术后三天引流量较MIME组更多(P<0.05)。在围术期并发症方面,RAMIE组和MIE组在术后肺漏气,肺部感染,吻合口瘘,声音嘶哑等方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。
本研究中我们观察RAMIE组和MIE组两组患者围手术期的数据比较中我们可以看到,在手术时长、术后带管时间、术后住院天数和淋巴结清扫总数这些评估手术质量的主要指标上面,两组资料无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),说明达芬奇手术能达到传统胸腹腔镜手术相同的手术效果。4篇[
两组患者在术中出血、总住院天数、左喉返神经淋巴结清扫及淋巴结清扫总组数方面RAMIE组优于MIE组。Nakanoko等[
本研究中我们观察到RAMIE组相较于MIE组术后并发症包括:肺部漏气,肺部感染、吻合口瘘、声音嘶哑、乳糜胸等术后并发症无明显差异。Betzler等[
综上所述,本研究显示RAMIE可以在不但可以相同时间内完成食管癌根治手术还能更大范围的完成淋巴结清扫,同时还能使手术更加精细,患者更快速地康复。因此RAMIE是一种更加安全更加有效的手术方式,值得推广使用。
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